Whooping Cough – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors check for pertussis, also called whooping cough, by looking at a person’s symptoms. Sometimes, they run tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Early symptoms often look like a cold. These include a runny nose, sneezing, low fever, and a mild cough. Because these signs can seem like the flu or other common infections, doctors may need to do extra tests.
Here are some common diagnostic methods:
| Test Type | What Happens |
|---|---|
| Nose or Throat Swab | A healthcare provider takes a mucus sample from the back of the throat or nose. Lab staff check the sample for Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. |
| Blood Tests | The doctor may order blood tests to look for antibodies, but these are not specific for whooping cough. |
| Chest X-ray | The doctor orders a chest X-ray if they think there could be pneumonia or other complications. |
Doctors also ask about recent contact with anyone who has had a similar cough to see how contagious the illness might be.
Treatment
Medicines That Help
Doctors prescribe antibiotics to fight the bacteria that cause whooping cough. These medicines work best if you start them early. Taking antibiotics quickly can reduce symptoms and lower the chance of spreading the infection.
Doctors may give antibiotics to people who live with someone who has whooping cough. This helps stop the illness from spreading at home.
Note: Over-the-counter cough medicines, like syrup, do not help with this cough. Only use them if a doctor says it is okay.
Infant Care
Babies and very young children often need hospital care. Staff may give special fluids through a vein if a child has trouble eating or drinking.
Keeping babies away from others helps stop the infection from spreading.
Self care
Taking care of yourself or your child at home is important during recovery. Rest in a cool, calm, and dark room to help the body heal and ease coughing fits.
Drink plenty of fluids like water, juice, or soup. Staying hydrated is very important, especially for children and infants. Watch for signs of dehydration, such as dry lips, little urine, or crying without tears.
Eat several small meals throughout the day instead of a few large ones. This helps lower the chance of vomiting after coughing. For infants and children, small feedings can help keep up their energy.
Keep the home air clean. Avoid smoke, dust, and strong fumes, as these can make coughing worse. Use an air purifier or keep windows open to let in fresh air.
To stop the illness from spreading, follow these steps:
- Cover coughs or sneezes with a tissue or your elbow.
- Throw tissues away after use.
- Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Wear a mask if you are near others.
Anyone who is sick should stay home until they finish at least five days of antibiotics. Infants and children should also stay away from school or daycare.
| Symptom | What to Do |
|---|---|
| Coughing fits | Rest, small meals |
| Dehydration | Extra fluids |
| Spread to others | Mask, wash hands |
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps You Can Take Before Seeing the Doctor
Before your appointment, gather important details. Make a list with this information:
- Description of all symptoms
- Dates and details of past pertussis or other vaccinations
- Past and current medical conditions
- Any family health issues, such as those of parents or siblings
- Questions about treatment, testing, or the pertussis vaccine
What the Healthcare Provider May Ask and Do
During the appointment, the healthcare provider will perform a physical exam. They will also ask questions about the illness.
The provider will listen to your lungs and breathing. They will ask when the coughing began. They will check how long your coughing fits last. The provider may ask about possible triggers.
They might ask if the cough causes vomiting or changes in skin color. The provider will want to know if you have been in contact with someone who has whooping cough.
