Uterine Polyps – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Internal Ultrasound Scan
Doctors often use a transvaginal ultrasound to look for uterine polyps. In this test, a healthcare provider gently places a slim device called a transducer inside the vagina.
| Method | What it Checks | Special Tools Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Internal Ultrasound Scan | Shapes or thickening in the uterus | Transducer (ultrasound wand) |
The transducer uses sound waves to create clear images of the uterus, its lining, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes. Doctors examine these images to find growths or thickened areas that may suggest a polyp.
Sometimes, the polyp appears as a distinct shape in the uterus. Other times, the area looks bulkier than normal. This test is safe. It does not require any incisions and usually causes little or no discomfort.
Fluid-assisted Ultrasound Examination
Sometimes, a regular ultrasound does not provide a clear picture. In these cases, doctors may use a fluid-assisted ultrasound.
They gently put a salt water solution into the uterus through a thin tube. This step helps open the uterus.
With the uterus expanded, the ultrasound can produce sharper and more detailed images. Doctors can see the inside walls better and spot smaller polyps or unusual areas.
The saline makes the shapes of growths stand out more clearly.
Viewing Scope Examination
Doctors may use hysteroscopy to examine the uterus. They insert a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and camera through the vagina into the uterus.
This tool lets doctors see the lining of the uterus directly on a screen. They can locate polyps, other growths, or swollen areas.
Sometimes, doctors remove the polyp during this procedure. Hysteroscopy provides a real-time view to confirm findings from other tests.
Key points about viewing scope examination:
- A direct visual inspection of the interior of the uterus.
- Can confirm size and spot of polyp.
- Removal of polyps may also be possible during the same procedure.
Treatment
Doctors use several methods to treat uterine polyps. They may choose watchful waiting if the polyp is small, not causing symptoms, and the person is not at high risk for uterine cancer.
Many polyps do not need immediate treatment and might go away on their own.
Doctors may prescribe medicine to reduce symptoms. Hormonal drugs, such as progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, can provide short-term relief.
These medicines may help shrink the polyp or ease bleeding, but symptoms often return after stopping the medication.
Doctors can also remove polyps with a polypectomy. During hysteroscopy, they use special tools to take out the polyp.
They usually send the removed tissue to a lab to check for cancer cells. If polyps come back, doctors may recommend more treatment.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps You Can Take Beforehand
Before your appointment, gather important information about your health. Write down any symptoms you have, even if they seem unrelated. Note when your symptoms started and what makes them better or worse.
Make a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements you take. Include the name, dose, and how often you take each one.
Prepare questions to ask your healthcare provider. For example:
| Example Questions for Your Healthcare Provider |
|---|
| What is likely causing my symptoms? |
| What tests will I need? |
| Are there medications for my condition? |
| When would surgery be needed? |
| Can polyps affect my chances of pregnancy? |
| Will treatment help my fertility? |
| Are uterine polyps sometimes cancerous? |
You can bring a friend or family member to help you remember details and provide support.
Questions Your Provider May Ask
During your visit, your healthcare provider will ask for details to better understand your situation.
You may hear questions such as:
- How often do your symptoms happen?
- How severe are your symptoms?
- What helps or makes them worse?
- Have you had treatment for polyps before?
- Have you had any issues with fertility?
- Is there a family history of certain cancers, like breast, colon, or endometrial?
When you answer honestly, your provider can recommend the right tests or treatments.
