Trigger Finger – Symptoms and Causes

ByJanis Updated

Overview

Trigger finger causes a finger to become stuck in a bent position. It may suddenly straighten with a snapping motion. This condition most commonly affects the ring finger and thumb, though any finger can develop this problem.

The condition occurs when a tendon cannot move smoothly through its protective sheath. This happens because of inflammation in the sheath or a small bump forming on the tendon itself.

Women over 50 face a higher risk of developing trigger finger. People with certain health conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, or rheumatoid arthritis are also more susceptible.

Treatment options include wearing a splint, getting steroid injections, or in some cases, surgery to release the trapped tendon. Many patients find relief through these standard treatments.

Signs of Trigger Finger

Trigger finger shows several signs that may start mild and get worse over time:

  • Morning finger stiffness
  • Clicking or popping sounds when moving the finger
  • Pain or a small lump at the base of the finger in the palm
  • Finger catching or suddenly snapping straight after being bent
  • Finger stuck in a bent position unable to straighten

This condition can affect any finger or thumb. Sometimes multiple fingers are involved, and both hands may develop symptoms. Most people notice their symptoms are worse when they first wake up in the morning.

The catching or locking sensation happens because the tendon becomes unable to glide smoothly through its sheath.

Causes

Trigger finger happens when the tendon sheath around an affected finger becomes irritated and swollen. This swelling makes it difficult for the tendon to move smoothly through the sheath.

For most people, there’s no clear reason why this irritation begins. The ongoing friction between the tendon and its sheath can lead to the formation of a small tissue mass called a nodule on the tendon.

This nodule creates additional resistance, further limiting the tendon’s ability to slide properly through the sheath. The combination of swelling and nodule formation is what causes the catching or locking sensation in the affected finger.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase your chance of developing a trigger finger:

  • Activities with Repeated Gripping: Jobs and hobbies requiring frequent hand use and gripping may raise your risk.
  • Health Conditions: People with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis face higher chances of developing this condition.
  • Gender Differences: Women experience trigger finger more often than men.

These factors don’t guarantee you’ll develop a trigger finger, but they might increase your likelihood of experiencing symptoms.

Complications

Trigger finger can cause daily challenges. Tasks like typing on a keyboard, fastening shirt buttons, or using keys become difficult. This condition also impacts grip strength, which affects activities such as holding a steering wheel or using tools.

These limitations can interfere with both work and personal activities. They make routine tasks frustrating and time-consuming.


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Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.