Trigger Finger โ€“ Diagnosis and Treatment

Trigger finger, also called stenosing tenosynovitis, affects how fingers or the thumb move. The flexor tendons in the hand have trouble gliding smoothly, which can make the finger or thumb catch or lock in a bent position.

This problem can cause pain and make it hard to straighten the finger or thumb. Both adults and children can get trigger finger or trigger thumb.

Symptoms may start slowly and get worse with repeated movement or gripping. People with medical issues like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis face a higher risk.

Diagnosis

Doctors usually check the hand for stiffness, pain, or a tender spot near the palm. During a physical exam, the doctor may ask you to move your fingers or thumb to see if there is catching or locking.

You might notice swelling, painful clicking, or a finger stuck in a bent position. Swollen flexor tendons and inflamed pulleys often cause these signs.

If the finger locks or pops during movement, that can help confirm the diagnosis. In most cases, no imaging is needed.

But if the symptoms are unclear or linked to another condition like arthritis, your doctor might order an X-ray or ultrasound to rule out other causes.

Treatment

Medicines for Pain and Swelling

Doctors often recommend non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. These can help with pain and swelling.

You can take NSAIDs by mouth or use them as a cream or patch on the area. Always use the dose and method your doctor suggests.

Therapy and Noninvasive Care

Resting the hand and avoiding activities that make symptoms worse can help. Repetitive gripping or using vibrating tools should be limited.

Wearing a splint at night keeps the finger straight and lets it rest. Gentle stretches and range-of-motion exercises help maintain movement and flexibility.

Physical or occupational therapy may improve hand strength and daily use.

Tips for therapy:

  • Limit use of the affected hand when possible
  • Use padded gloves for extra protection
  • Do recommended stretching exercises daily

Surgery and Other Advanced Methods

If basic treatments do not help, more advanced options may be needed. A steroid injection around the tendon sheath can reduce swelling and often brings long-lasting relief.

Some people may need more than one injection. Needle release is another option, where a doctor uses a needle to break up tight tissue blocking the tendon.

Ultrasound can help guide this procedure more accurately. For ongoing or severe cases, a surgeon makes a small cut near the base of the finger and opens the tight part of the tendon sheath.

This outpatient surgery lets the tendon move freely again. Many people notice improvement soon after surgery.

Getting Ready for Your Office Visit

Steps You Can Take Beforehand

Before your appointment, gather a list of all medicines and supplements you take, including doses. This helps your healthcare provider check for links to your symptoms.

Write down your questions ahead of time. Some examples are:

  • What might be causing the pain or finger locking?
  • How long will this issue last?
  • What treatments might help?
  • Are there any risks with these treatments?
  • Is there a chance of scars or lasting discomfort?

Note any activities, like repetitive motion at work or during hobbies, that make symptoms worse. Remember any recent injuries or changes in movement. Resting the affected finger before your visit may lower pain and swelling.

Tip: Bring a notepad or use your phone to take notes during your appointment.

What Your Healthcare Provider Might Ask

During your visit, the medical team will ask questions to understand your symptoms and needs. Be ready to talk about:

Topic Examples
What symptoms you feel Pain, locking, or popping in finger or thumb
How long symptoms have lasted A few days, weeks, or longer
When symptoms are worse Mornings, after using your hand, or all the time
If symptoms come and go Constant or only after certain movements
Activities involving hands Repetitive tasks at work, home, hobbies, or sports
Recent hand injuries Any accident or trauma to your hand or fingers
What makes symptoms better/worse Rest, activity, medication, or certain motions

The doctor may ask about a history of diabetes, arthritis, or other health risks. They will check your hand and may have you move your fingers to look for catching, stiffness, or swelling.


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