Thumb Arthritis – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors start by asking about symptoms like joint pain, stiffness, and changes in how the thumb looks or moves. They look for swelling or small lumps around the joint.
Sometimes, doctors move the thumb against the wrist bone. They do this to feel for a gritty sensation or listen for a grinding sound, which can show worn cartilage.
Doctors also use X-rays to check for signs of arthritis.
| Finding on X-ray | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Bone spurs | Extra bone growth |
| Loss of joint space | Less cartilage |
| Calcium deposits | Mineral build-up |
| Malformation | Abnormal joint shape |
Imaging tests show if the bones are rubbing together or if there are changes like bone spurs or calcium deposits.
Treatment
Medicines for Pain Relief
Medicines can help ease pain and swelling from thumb arthritis. Doctors may suggest skin creams such as capsaicin or diclofenac.
Common oral pain relievers include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium. These help with early symptoms.
If pain is stronger, doctors may prescribe medicines like celecoxib or tramadol. The choice depends on your needs and any other health issues.
Wearing a Support Brace
Wearing a splint on the thumb and wrist can give support, especially in early-stage or post-traumatic arthritis. The splint holds the joint in a safe position and reduces stress.
This support can make daily tasks easier and less painful. Some people wear a splint at night, while others use it both day and night, depending on symptoms.
Benefits of using a support:
- Lessens discomfort
- Helps keep proper thumb position
- Gives the joint a rest
Corticosteroid Shots
Healthcare providers may give corticosteroid injections if other treatments do not help enough. These shots can provide temporary but strong relief from pain and swelling.
Doctors inject the medicine into the thumb joint. This can help control symptoms for a while and may delay the need for surgery.
Operations for Severe Arthritis
If other treatments do not work, surgery may be needed. There are several options:
- Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis): Surgeons join the bones in the joint. The joint no longer bends, but pain goes away.
- Bone Repositioning (Osteotomy): Surgeons reshape or move bones to reduce pain and fix alignment.
- Removal of a Bone (Trapeziectomy): Surgeons take out the small bone at the thumbโs base.
- Replacing the Joint (Arthroplasty): Surgeons replace damaged joint surfaces, sometimes using the patient’s own tissue.
Surgeons may also remove the lining of the joint (synovium) in a procedure called synovectomy if swelling is severe. After surgery, people usually wear a cast or splint for several weeks. Special exercises can help regain hand function.
Everyday Tips and Home Strategies
Simple changes at home can help manage thumb arthritis symptoms. Using adaptive tools like jar openers, key turners, or pull handles can reduce strain on the thumb.
Switching to levers instead of round handles can also make daily tasks easier. Ice packs and warm compresses may help ease pain and reduce swelling.
Icing the joint for short periods or using a heating pad can bring comfort. Physical therapists may suggest other ways to improve hand movement and function.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps to Take Before Your Appointment
Make a list of your symptoms. Include any signs you notice, even if they seem unrelated to your thumb.
Write down your medical history. List past injuries, other health problems, and anything that might relate to your current issue.
Record important life events or recent stress. Changes in your daily life can affect your health.
List your medications, vitamins, and supplements. Note how much you take and how often.
Bring a support person. A friend or family member can help you remember what the doctor says.
Prepare questions in advance. Write your questions to help remember what to ask.
A simple table can help keep things organized:
| Item | Notes |
|---|---|
| Symptoms | |
| Medical History | |
| Life Changes/Stress | |
| Medications/Supplements | |
| Questions for Doctor |
Questions to Discuss with Your Health Care Provider
What is the most likely reason for these symptoms?
What tests might be needed?
Is this problem short-term or long-lasting?
What are the treatment options?
Are there any activities or habits to avoid?
How can I handle other health problems at the same time?
Feel free to ask any other questions during your visit.
What Your Doctor Might Ask You
Doctors often ask when your symptoms began. They also ask how serious your pain is.
They may want to know if your symptoms come and go or if they are always there. They might ask if anything makes your pain better or worse.
Doctors may ask if you have hurt your thumb or hand in the past. Prepare to answer these questions to make your visit with Healthnile more effective.
