Testicular Exam
Overview
A testicular exam checks the appearance and feel of the testicles. People usually perform self-exams while standing, often in front of a mirror. Regular testicular checks help detect changes or problems early.
Key Points:
- Self-exams create awareness of any unusual findings.
- Lumps or changes should be reported to a health professional.
- A health provider may do a full physical or clinical examination as part of routine health checks.
Reasons for Performing Testicular Check-Ups
Testicular self-examinations (TSE) help people become familiar with the normal size, shape, and feel of their testicles. This awareness makes it easier to notice any new lumps, swelling, or other changes early.
Sometimes these changes are harmless, such as those caused by infections or cysts. However, they can also be early signs of less common problems, like testicular cancer. Noticing unusual changes early allows a person to speak with a healthcare provider quickly.
Who Might Benefit from Routine Testicular Self-Checks
The need for regular testicular self-exams isnโt the same for everyone, and health organizations have different opinions. Some support monthly self-exams, especially for those at higher riskโsuch as individuals with a family history of testicular cancer or an undescended testicle. Those who are unsure whether TSE is right for them should talk to a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
Possible Concerns
Testicular self-checks do not cause physical harm or side effects. But finding something unusual, like a lump, can lead to concerns and further evaluation. This may include blood work, imaging, or even a biopsy, which can feel invasive. Sometimes the lump turns out to be harmless, meaning people may go through tests they did not actually need. Such false alarms can cause stress.
Steps to Get Ready
A testicular self-exam does not require special preparation. Many people find it helpful to check themselves while standing in a warm bath or shower. The heat helps relax the skin, making it simpler to notice any changes. If there are questions or concerns, they should contact a healthcare provider during a routine check-up.
What Happens During a Self-Check
A testicular self-exam usually begins with standing in front of a mirror without clothes. Move the penis aside to clearly see the scrotum. Checking for swelling or any sudden changes in appearance is the first step.
Use both hands to examine each testicle. Place the index and middle fingers underneath and the thumbs on top. Gently roll each testicle between the fingers and thumbs to feel for unusual lumps, bumps, or differences in size, shape, or firmness.
Sometimes, normal structures are noticeable. For example, the epididymis feels like a soft, rope-like cord at the back of each testicle. The spermatic cord may also be felt leading upwards from the scrotum. Common findings such as tiny bumps from ingrown hairs or skin irritation donโt usually signal cancer. Here is a short reference table for what might be noticed:
| What to Check | What It Could Mean |
|---|---|
| Swelling of the scrotum | Possible hydrocele |
| Hard or smooth lumps | Possible testicular lump |
| Rope-like structure | Normal epididymis |
| Increase or change in size | Needs medical follow-up |
| Soft masses or veins | Possible varicocele |
Findings
If a person notices a lump or change during a testicular self-check, they should see a doctor. Doctors often perform a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tools like ultrasound to find the cause. Most testicular lumps are not cancerous. Possible causes include:
- Cyst
- Injury
- Infection
- Hernia
- Fluid buildup (hydrocele)
If doctors diagnose cancer, they usually treat it with orchiectomy (removal of the affected testicle). Early treatment offers a high chance of survival and cure.
