Stomach Polyps – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors often use an upper endoscopy to check for gastric polyps, including fundic gland polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and adenomatous polyps.
During this test, a thin tube with a camera lets them see the stomach lining and spot any unusual growths or multiple fundic gland polyps.
This visual inspection helps doctors detect even small or flat lesions that might be missed on other imaging tests.
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Upper Endoscopy | Locate and view polyps and assess stomach lining |
| Biopsy | Examine tissue for cancer or other pathology |
If doctors see a polyp, they might remove a small piece of tissue (biopsy). Lab experts examine this sample under a microscope to check for:
- Signs of dysplasia or high-grade dysplasia
- Neuroendocrine tumors
- Atrophic gastritis
- Inflammatory fibroid polyp
- Juvenile polyposis
This microscopic review helps determine whether the polyp is benign, precancerous, or something more serious.
Sometimes, doctors also look at the surrounding stomach tissue to evaluate for other changes that may indicate chronic inflammation or early signs of gastric cancer.
Blood tests or imaging might be ordered if the findings raise concern for widespread disease or if genetic syndromes are suspected.
Treatment
Treatment for stomach polyps depends on the type and the presence of infection. If tests detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach, providers usually prescribe a course of antibiotics.
Clearing H. pylori often shrinks or removes certain kinds of polyps, especially hyperplastic ones. In some cases, eliminating this infection may prevent new polyps from appearing.
Doctors may also suggest acid-reducing medications, especially if the polyps are associated with chronic inflammation or are found alongside other gastric conditions.
These medications can help improve healing of the stomach lining and reduce further irritation.
Other key points include:
- Small, Harmless Polyps: Doctors may just monitor these with regular check-ups. They usually do not cause symptoms and have a low risk of turning into cancer.
- Larger or Risky Polyps: Doctors usually remove these during a procedure called polypectomy using endoscopy. This helps prevent complications such as bleeding or obstruction.
- Adenomas and Inherited Types: Doctors remove these because of a higher chance of turning cancerous. Patients with conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis may need ongoing care and specialized monitoring.
- Repeat Visits: Patients often return for surveillance endoscopy to monitor for new or returning polyps. The frequency of follow-up depends on the type, number, and pathology of the polyps found.
With the right tests and timely follow-up, most stomach polyps can be managed effectively.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps to Take Before You Go
Prepare well for your medical visit. Find out if you need to fast or follow any diet changes before tests, as doctors sometimes require this.
Keep a written list of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, indigestion, or signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, to make sure you cover everything during the appointment.
Write down when each symptom started and if they are continuous or come and go. Also note if you have a history of autoimmune gastritis or other digestive issues.
Bring information about family medical history, especially if there is a known risk for stomach or colon problems. List all medicines, vitamins, or supplements you take, including dosages and frequency.
Prepare a list of questions to ask. Here is an example table with some questions:
| Topic | Examples |
|---|---|
| Cause of Symptoms | What could be causing my abdominal pain or indigestion? |
| Needed Tests | What tests are recommended for my clinical features? |
| Treatment Options | What treatments are available if I have stomach polyps? |
| Daily Restrictions | Are there any activities or foods I should avoid? |
| Other Health Issues | How to manage my stomach condition with other health problems? |
Bringing a friend or family member can help you remember key points.
How Your Provider May Approach the Visit
During the visit, the provider will likely ask detailed questions related to the symptoms.
This may include how long symptoms have lasted, if they are mild or severe, and what makes them better or worse. They may discuss any known autoimmune gastritis or similar illnesses.
Doctors often ask about medication use, such as drugs for reducing stomach acid. They might inquire about personal or family history of cancer or polyps to improve the differential diagnosis.
Honest and complete answers guide the provider in determining the next steps for diagnosis and care.
