Seborrheic Dermatitis – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
Seborrheic dermatitis is a widespread skin condition. It primarily affects the scalp, causing scaly patches, inflammation, and persistent dandruff.
This non-contagious condition usually appears in oily areas of the body, such as the face, nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids, and chest. It won’t cause permanent hair loss, though it can be uncomfortable.
Some cases resolve on their own, but others require ongoing treatment with medicated shampoos or products to manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. The condition goes by several names:
- Dandruff
- Seborrheic eczema
- Seborrheic psoriasis
In babies, this condition is known as cradle cap. While seborrheic dermatitis can be persistent and frustrating, proper management usually controls symptoms effectively.
Signs and Problems
Seborrheic dermatitis shows up in several ways. You might notice flaking skin (dandruff) on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard, or mustache.
Some people have oily patches with flaky white or yellow scales on areas like the scalp, face, nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids, chest, armpits, groin, or under the breasts.
The rash may appear darker or lighter in people with brown or Black skin, while those with white skin might see redder patches. Some people develop a ring-shaped rash called petaloid seborrheic dermatitis.
Itchiness is common and often worsens during stress, fatigue, or seasonal changes.
When You Should Talk to a Doctor
Contact your healthcare provider if:
- Your discomfort interrupts sleep or daily activities
- You feel embarrassed or anxious about your skin condition
- You suspect your skin is infected
- You’ve tried home treatments but still have symptoms
If you experience any of these situations, a healthcare professional can help find better treatment options for your specific needs.
Causes
Scientists don’t fully understand what causes seborrheic dermatitis. Several factors might play a role:
- Malassezia yeast – This naturally occurring skin fungus may trigger inflammation.
- Oily skin – Excess oil production can create favorable conditions for the condition.
- Immune system issues – Problems with immune response might contribute to skin reactions.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the chance of developing seborrheic dermatitis. These include stress and fatigue, seasonal changes, and medical conditions affecting the nervous system (like Parkinson’s disease).
Mental health issues such as depression, immune system disorders, and recovery periods after serious health events are also risk factors.
These factors can trigger or worsen symptoms in people who are already prone to this skin condition.
