Ruptured Spleen – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
To find problems with the spleen, doctors start with a physical exam. They press on the stomach to check for swelling or pain in the upper left side, where the spleen is located.
This can reveal splenomegaly, which means the spleen is enlarged, often from infection, mono, or an injury.
Doctors order blood tests to look for signs such as low platelets or changes in clotting, which might result from injury, asplenia, or diseases like malaria. If they suspect trauma or a possible splenic rupture, they use imaging tests to confirm it.
Doctors may use ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans to spot bleeding, a hematoma, or signs of hypovolemic shock. When they need faster answers, they may use a needle to check for blood in the belly.
Some patients may also need monitoring of vital signs, oxygen levels, and hemoglobin to assess internal blood loss.
Treatment
When the spleen is severely injured, doctors often recommend immediate surgery to prevent further complications. The type of procedure depends on the damage.
Surgical repair may involve stitching the spleen to stop internal bleeding. In some cases, surgeons remove only a part of the spleen, which allows the organ to keep some of its normal functions and lowers the risk of infection.
A total splenectomy—removal of the entire spleen—can be necessary with major injuries. After this, patients are at a higher risk for certain infections.
Doctors advise vaccinations for conditions like meningitis, pneumonia, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Sometimes, doctors prescribe daily antibiotics to provide added protection.
Blood transfusions support the patient during or after surgery by replacing lost blood. This helps stabilize the patient while the spleen heals or after doctors remove it.
Hospital teams regularly use imaging, such as CT scans, to monitor recovery and decide if additional procedures are necessary.
Surgeries always carry risks. The most common concerns include bleeding, infection, blood clots, and pneumonia. Hospital staff closely monitor patients for these issues until they are stable.
Get Ready for Your Visit
Before your appointment, take note of any recent symptoms such as pain in the upper left abdomen, unusual fatigue, dizziness, or signs of infection like fever or chills.
Let your provider know if you’ve had recent trauma, infections, or illnesses that might affect the spleen.
Bring a list of your current medications, past surgeries, and recent test results if available. If you’ve had imaging such as an ultrasound or CT scan, ask for the reports or have them forwarded ahead of time.
Make a list of questions you’d like to ask, such as what the tests will involve, what to expect during recovery, or whether you’ll need vaccinations after treatment.
Having a friend or family member join you can help you remember the information and provide support. Being prepared helps you make the most of your visit and understand the next steps in your care.
