Pilonidal Cyst – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
A pilonidal cyst forms as an unusual pocket in the skin near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks. These cysts typically contain hair and skin debris.
They develop when hair punctures the skin and becomes trapped underneath.
When infected, these cysts can cause significant pain. Treatment options include:
- Drainage through a small skin incision
- Surgery for more severe cases
Young adult males face the highest risk of developing pilonidal cysts. The condition often returns after treatment.
People who spend long periods sitting down are more likely to develop these cysts.
Signs of a Pilonidal Cyst
A pilonidal cyst may be present without causing any noticeable problems. However, when infection occurs, several symptoms may appear.
The area around the cyst often becomes painful and swollen. You might notice:
- A small hole near the upper part of your buttocks crease
- Pain in the tailbone area
- Red, swollen skin around the cyst
- Blood or pus draining from an opening in the skin
- Unpleasant smell from the draining fluid
When You Should Get Medical Help
Contact your healthcare provider if you notice any signs of a pilonidal cyst. Early treatment can prevent the infection from getting worse and reduce complications.
Causes
Pilonidal cysts typically develop when loose hairs pierce the skin. These hairs can be forced into the skin through various forms of pressure and friction.
Common sources include:
- Tight clothing
- Sitting for extended periods
- Cycling
- Rubbed skin in the affected area
When hair penetrates the skin, the body creates a protective cyst around it as a natural response to push out the foreign object.
While most of these cysts form on the tailbone area, people who frequently handle hair, such as animal groomers or hairstylists, may develop cysts between their fingers.
Risk Factors
Several factors may raise your chances of developing a pilonidal cyst:
- Young adult white males have higher risk
- Excess weight or obesity
- Lack of regular physical activity
- Extended periods of sitting
- Coarse or rigid body hair
Complications
Without proper treatment, pilonidal cysts can become a recurring problem. Some people experience multiple infections over several years.
Long-term, untreated pilonidal cysts increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.
Prevention
Keeping pilonidal cysts from forming involves several simple habits. Regular washing of the tailbone area helps remove dirt and debris that might cause infection.
Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the tailbone region, which can lower the risk of developing these cysts.
Avoid sitting for long periods without breaks. This is especially important for people who drive or work at desks for extended times.
Stand up and move around regularly to reduce pressure on the affected area.
For those who have experienced pilonidal cysts before, hair management in the tailbone area is crucial. Consider these options:
- Regular shaving of the area
- Using hair removal creams
- Professional hair removal treatments
These methods help prevent hair from growing inward and forming new cysts. Good hygiene practices and lifestyle adjustments represent the best defense against first-time cysts and recurring cases.
