Pelvic Organ Prolapse – Symptoms and Causes

ByJanis Updated

Overview

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when pelvic organs shift downward from their normal position, creating a bulge in the vaginal wall.

This condition happens when the pelvic floor muscles and tissues that support organs like the bladder, uterus, vagina, urethra, and rectum become weakened.

Several factors can lead to this weakening:

  • Pregnancy
  • Childbirth
  • Menopause

Treatment options exist for people with pelvic organ prolapse. Many patients find relief through non-surgical approaches, though surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases to reposition the affected organs properly.

Signs of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse may occur without any noticeable signs in some people. However, when symptoms do appear, they can affect daily life in several ways.

The most common symptom is a visible or felt bulge of tissue near or outside the vaginal opening. This bulge might become more noticeable after standing for long periods or during physical activity.

Many people experience sensations of:

  • Heaviness or pressure in the pelvic area
  • Pain in the lower back
  • Difficulty keeping tampons in place

Urinary problems are also common, including:

  • Frequent urination
  • Sudden urges to urinate
  • Incomplete bladder emptying
  • Weak urine stream

Bowel function may change as well. Some people have trouble completely emptying their bowels. Others may need to press against the vaginal bulge with their fingers (called “splinting”) to have a bowel movement.

Sexual discomfort is another potential issue, with pain often occurring during intercourse.

It’s important to note that pelvic floor weakness typically affects multiple areas. If you have one type of pelvic organ prolapse, you’re more likely to develop others.

Causes

Pelvic organ prolapse happens when the supporting tissues and muscles in the pelvis become weak.

The main reason for this weakening is vaginal childbirth. When a woman delivers a baby through the birth canal, it can stretch and damage these important support structures.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase your chance of developing pelvic organ prolapse:

Physical Factors

  • Having multiple pregnancies
  • Vaginal deliveries can also increase the risk, especially with large babies or tool-assisted births.
  • Advanced age and obesity are also risk factors.
  • Previous pelvic surgery can also contribute to the risk.

Health Conditions

  • Chronic coughing from conditions like lung disease can weaken the pelvic floor.
  • Ongoing constipation and regular heavy lifting can also weaken the pelvic floor.

Genetic Factors

  • A family history of pelvic organ prolapse and connective tissue disorders can increase the risk.

These factors can weaken the pelvic floor tissues and muscles that support your organs.


Related Questions

Responses are AI-generated

Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.