Parvovirus Infection -Symptoms and Causes
Overview
Human parvovirus B19 is the virus responsible for parvovirus infection in people. This is completely different from the parvovirus that affects dogs and cats – humans cannot catch it from pets, nor can pets catch the human version.
This infection most commonly affects elementary school children, with outbreaks typically occurring during winter and spring months. However, anyone can contract the infection at any time of year.
The virus spreads through:
- Respiratory droplets (breathing, coughing)
- Saliva
- Close person-to-person contact
- Hand-to-hand contact
- Blood transmission
Pregnant women who become infected can pass the virus to their unborn babies.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms typically appear one to three weeks after exposure to the virus.
The early symptoms of parvovirus infection are often mild and flu-like. A person may experience a low-grade fever, runny nose, and headache. Some people may also feel tired or experience a sore throat.
After a few days, a distinctive rash may appear on the face. This rash is often described as a “slapped cheek” rash. It may also spread to the trunk, arms, and legs. The rash may come and go for several weeks.
In some cases, the rash may be the only symptom of parvovirus infection. In other cases, a person may experience joint pain and swelling. This is more common in adults and usually resolves on its own.
Parvovirus Infection Causes
Parvovirus B19 is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory secretions. This means that it can be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, and close contact with an infected person.
The virus can also be spread through blood or blood products. The infection is most contagious before the rash appears. However, a person is still considered contagious until the rash has fully faded.
Once a person has been infected with parvovirus B19, they usually develop immunity to the virus. However, it is still possible to become infected again.
Parvovirus Infection Risk Factors
Anyone can get parvovirus infection, but it is most common in children. Outbreaks of the infection often occur in schools and child care settings. Adults who work with children are also at higher risk of infection.
Certain groups of people are at risk of developing complications from parvovirus infection. These include pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and individuals with certain blood disorders.