Orchitis – Diagnosis and Treatment
Orchitis is a condition that causes swelling and pain in one or both testicles, often making the scrotum tender and uncomfortable.
This problem can lead to visible changes, such as redness or warmth in the scrotum, and can sometimes cause fever or unusual discharge. Many people experience symptoms like testicle pain, swelling, or a heavy feeling in the affected area.
The signs and symptoms of orchitis might develop suddenly and can disrupt daily activities. Noticing these issues early can help in getting the right treatment from a healthcare provider.
Diagnosis
Doctors begin diagnosing inflammation of the testicle or epididymis by reviewing medical history and performing a detailed physical examination.
The healthcare provider checks the affected testicle for swelling, tenderness, and signs of infection. Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin and a tender prostate may also help point toward a diagnosis.
Doctors may use different tests to confirm or rule out possible causes:
- Urinalysis: Laboratory staff test a urine sample to look for bacteria or pus, which may signal a urinary infection.
- STI Screening: If there is discharge from the urethra, a provider collects a swab or urine sample to check for sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.
- Doppler Ultrasonography: This non-invasive test evaluates blood flow to the testicle. Increased blood flow may indicate active inflammation like orchitis or epididymo-orchitis, while reduced flow could suggest other issues such as testicular torsion.
Other helpful findings include the presence of fever and changes in the cremasteric reflex. Providers may order blood tests or rectal exams, especially when they suspect prostate involvement.
Diagnosis
Care for Orchitis Caused by Bacteria
Doctors often prescribe antibiotics for bacterial orchitis. If an infection is due to a sexually transmitted bacteria, partners may need treatment too. Finish the whole course of antibiotics, even if symptoms become milder early on.
Pain and swelling might last weeks after treatment. To help ease discomfort, rest in bed, support the scrotum with an athletic strap, and apply cold packs.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can also relieve pain and swelling.
Care for Orchitis Caused by Viruses
Viral orchitis, including from the mumps virus, does not respond to antibiotics. The main goal is to manage symptoms while the body recovers.
Rest and elevation of the scrotum, along with cold packs, can help reduce pain and swelling. People should check with a healthcare professional before using these medicines, especially if they have kidney disease or take blood thinners.
Most people start feeling better within 3 to 10 days, but tenderness may last longer.
Simple At-Home Care Tips
- Resting in bed helps reduce scrotal pain and swelling.
- Raising the scrotum while lying down can lower discomfort.
- Applying a cold pack may ease swelling and pain.
- Avoid lifting heavy objects to prevent more testicular pain or swelling.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
How You Can Prepare
To make the most of the appointment, get organized. Write down all symptoms, even if they seem minor, and note when they started. List past illnesses and vaccines, especially if there is a history of mumps or any sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Create a table or list with all medications, vitamins, and supplements, including the dose for each one. This should include over-the-counter drugs too.
| Medication/Supplement | Dose | How Often Taken |
|---|---|---|
| Example: Ibuprofen | 200mg | Twice a day |
Think about questions to bring for the healthcare provider, such as:
- What is likely causing these symptoms?
- Could something else be wrong?
- What tests may be needed?
- What treatment options are available?
- How long should recovery take?
- Will this affect fertility?
- Should sexual activity be limited?
Writing down questions helps make sure nothing important is forgotten. If you feel nervous, bring a trusted friend or family member for support.
What Your Healthcare Provider Might Ask
The doctor or specialist will often ask about symptoms and medical history, including questions such as:
- How severe is the pain or swelling?
- What has been tried for relief?
- Is there anything that makes symptoms better or worse?
- Do you use safe sex practices?
- How many sexual partners have you had?
- Do you regularly use condoms or protection?
Having notes ready about past infections, recent sexual activity, and any recent illnesses can speed up the visit and help the provider give better advice.
