Malignant Hyperthermia – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but life-threatening reaction to certain anesthesia drugs, typically triggered by volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine during general anesthesia.
The condition causes the body’s temperature to rise rapidly, muscles to become rigid, heart rate to increase, and other severe symptoms to develop. Without quick treatment, it can be deadly.
The underlying cause of malignant hyperthermia is a genetic mutation that affects the body’s regulation of calcium in muscle cells.
When exposed to triggering drugs, individuals with this mutation may experience uncontrolled muscle contractions, leading to a rapid increase in body temperature and other serious complications such as brain, heart, and organ damage.
Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia can range from mild to severe. Early signs include muscle rigidity, rapid heart rate, and high body temperature.
Diagnosis of this condition can be confirmed through genetic testing to detect the gene responsible for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS).
Treatment includes the immediate administration of a medication called dantrolene (Dantrium, Revonto, Ryanodex), cooling methods like ice packs to lower body temperature, and supportive care to maintain essential body functions.
Prompt medical attention is essential when signs of malignant hyperthermia appear during or after anesthesia use.
If you or a family member has a history of malignant hyperthermia, it is crucial to inform healthcare providers before undergoing any surgical procedures. They can use alternative medications and anesthetics that are safe for individuals with this condition.
