Kyphosis – Diagnosis and Treatment
Kyphosis is a condition that causes an abnormal forward curvature of the spine, especially in the upper back or thoracic spine. This can result in a rounded appearance, sometimes called hunchback or roundback, and occurs in both adults and children.
Osteoporosis, disc degeneration, degenerative diseases, or traumatic injuries like osteoporotic fractures can cause the excessive curve of the vertebrae. In some cases, arthritis or conditions such as Scheuermann disease increase the risk of abnormal spinal curvature in adults.
Symptoms of kyphosis often include back pain, visible changes in posture, and uneven shoulder blade height. Severe cases might bring chronic pain, nerve problems, and even difficulty in breathing or changes in bladder habits if the spinal cord is affected.
While some seek treatment for cosmetic reasons, others need care because of debilitating pain or complications.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis usually starts with a physical examination. A doctor may ask the patient to bend at the waist, making it easier to see the curve of the spine from the side. Checking reflexes and muscle strength shows if the nerves are affected.
Imaging tests often help get a closer look at the spine. X-rays measure the angle of the curve and show any changes in the bones. CT scans provide more detailed pictures if needed.
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| X-ray/CT scan | Measure curve, spot bone problems |
| MRI scan | Find recent breaks or tissue changes |
| Bone density | Check risk for fractures |
| Nerve tests | Assess nerve function |
When doctors suspect a recent break, an MRI scan uses magnets to reveal damage that might not show up on an X-ray.
If the person has symptoms like tingling or weakness, nerve tests check how well signals travel through the spine and nerves. Bone density tests also check for low bone strength, which raises the risk of spinal fractures.
Treatment
Medications
Doctors can prescribe medications to help control discomfort and slow down bone problems. People can use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain.
For those who have brittle bones or osteoporosis, doctors may suggest certain medicines that make the bones stronger. These medications help prevent new spinal fractures that could make kyphosis worse. Sometimes, vitamin D and calcium supplements improve bone health.
Physical Therapy and Bracing
Exercise and movement play an important role in managing certain types of kyphosis. Basic stretching and strengthening routines help keep the back flexible and may ease pain.
For children and teens, especially those with Scheuermann’s disease, wearing a supportive brace during their growth spurt can slow or stop the curvature from getting worse.
A physical therapist can tailor a rehabilitation program with back exercises and education on posture.
Operations and Medical Procedures
When kyphosis becomes severe or leads to nerve issues, surgeons may recommend a surgical approach.
The most common operation is spinal fusion, where surgeons use rods, metal screws, or plates to join and straighten the affected spinal bones. Surgery is usually recommended only if other treatments do not work or if symptoms are serious.
In most cases, minor compression fractures do not require an operation. After surgery, patients typically undergo rehabilitation and physical therapy to regain strength and movement.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps to Take Before You Go
- Check for Any Instructions: Some appointments need you to follow certain rules, like not eating before tests.
- List Your Symptoms: Write down any pain or changes, even if they donโt seem connected to your back.
- Record Your Medicines: Make a note of any pills, vitamins, or supplements you use every day.
- Note Your Medical History: Include other health issues you have now or had in the past.
- Personal Notes: Add any big changes or stress you have faced recently.
- Prepare Questions: Create a list of things you want to ask the specialist.
- Bring Support: If you can, ask someone you trust to come with you. They can help remember what the doctor says.
A helpful table:
| Task | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Note symptoms | Give complete info to doctor |
| List medications | Ensure safe, accurate treatment |
| Track past illnesses | Helps spot possible links or risks |
| Bring a helper | Extra support and memory aid |
Questions You Might Want to Ask the Specialist
- What kinds of tests should I expect? Is there anything I should do to get ready for them?
- Do I need any treatments? What choices are there, and what are the good and bad sides of each one?
- How can I handle my other health issues along with this condition?
You can also write down new questions during your visit. Itโs all right to speak up if you donโt understand something. Clear answers help you make decisions about your health.
How the Doctor Will Likely Respond
Doctors usually have questions for you to help understand your situation better. They might ask:
- When did you first notice your symptoms, and how bad are they?
- Are the symptoms constant, or do they come and go?
- Does anything make your symptoms better or worse?
Having your details ready helps the doctor focus on what matters most to you. This lets you use the appointment time well and talk about the problems and next steps that are most important.
