Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Procedure

ByJanis Updated

Overview

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) uses advanced machines to shape radiation beams and target tumors with high accuracy. This method adjusts the strength of each beam to fit the 3D shape of the tumor, sparing healthy tissue nearby.

Key features of IMRT:

  • Delivers varying radiation doses based on tumor site.
  • Improves dose distribution and target coverage.
  • Helps create custom treatment plans using computer programs.

Other methods, such as 3D conformal radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and proton therapy also deliver precise doses, but IMRT provides greater control. IMRT covers the planning target volume (the tumor and a margin around it) and aims to treat cancer while reducing side effects.

Reasons for Use

Doctors choose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to treat a wide range of cancers, including but not limited to locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.

They often combine it with other treatments, including concurrent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. IMRT helps target tumors close to important tissues by delivering radiation directly to the affected area and reducing harm to healthy cells.

Possible Complications

IMRT can affect healthy tissues near the treated area. The body part receiving radiation and the amount used influence the chances and type of side effects. Side effects often appear during treatment but can also show up months or years later. Patients are monitored regularly during and after treatment to catch and manage side effects early.

Short-Term Side Effects:

  • Skin Irritation: Redness, swelling, or sensitivity at the treatment spot.
  • Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual.
  • Hair Loss: Only where radiation is given.
  • Trouble Swallowing (Dysphagia): Common with treatment to the chest, neck, or esophagus.
  • Cough or Shortness of Breath: Especially when the lungs are affected.
  • Nausea or Diarrhea: Seen with abdominal or pelvic therapy.

Severe symptoms or complications like pneumonitis (lung inflammation) may require hospitalization. The mean lung dose matters, as higher doses can raise the risk of lung and heart issues.

Possible Long-Term Risks

  • Permanent damage to the lungs, heart, or other critical organs.
  • Scar tissue in the esophagus, leading to eating problems.
  • Very rarely, a new cancer (second primary cancer) may develop years later.

Most side effects improve after treatment, but some may last. Each patient’s risk depends on their health and the area treated.

Getting Ready

Before starting intensity-modulated radiation therapy, patients usually have imaging tests. These often include CT scans or MRI to take detailed pictures of the treatment area. The care team uses these scans to map out the exact spot that will get the radiation. Positioning aids or immobilization devices may also be used during planning to ensure consistency throughout treatment.

Steps in Preparation

  • Ensure that all scheduled CT imaging is completed.
  • Follow instructions from the care team.
  • Be ready for planning sessions.

These steps help the team target the tumor while protecting nearby healthy tissue.

What to Expect During Treatment

Patients receiving IMRT lie on a treatment table while a machine directs targeted radiation beams at the tumor. The team uses treatment plans to make sure the radiation avoids as much healthy tissue as possible. Treatment is painless, though patients must lie still. Appointments are usually short, and patients can go home afterward.

Outcomes

After intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), doctors use imaging tests to track changes in tumor size. The effects of IMRT may appear soon after treatment or take several weeks or months, depending on the patient.

  • Doctors evaluate local tumor control using these scans.
  • Clinical outcomes can differ between individuals.
  • Patients and doctors monitor for results related to overall survival and recovery progress.
  • Follow-up appointments typically include regular scans and health checks to evaluate the treatment’s success and manage any lasting effects.

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Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.