Influenza (Flu) – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
A healthcare worker looks for signs of influenza, such as fever, cough, fatigue, and body aches. They may perform a physical exam and ask if the person has received the flu vaccine.
When flu is spreading widely, healthcare providers may not always order a formal test. Testing becomes important if symptoms are unclear, if someone is at higher risk, or if an official diagnosis is needed for treatment or for clearance at school or work.
Tests for detecting flu viruses include the following:
| Test Type | What It Detects | Where Itโs Done |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular (PCR, NAAT) | Genetic material from the influenza virus | Doctorโs office, hospital, home (some) |
| Antigen (Rapid test) | Viral proteins called antigens | Pharmacies, clinics, hospitals |
Adults and children ages 2 and up can use at-home testing kits. People should share home test results with a healthcare provider. Sometimes, a second test is needed to confirm results.
Some tests check for both influenza and other respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19. This is helpful because flu symptoms can look like other illnesses. Early testing helps start treatment quickly, protects others, and can prevent serious health problems.
Flu Treatment Options
Doctors give antiviral medicines to people with severe seasonal influenza or those at risk for complications.
Benefits of antiviral drugs:
- Shorten the time a person is sick by about a day
- Lower the chance of serious respiratory infection complications
Possible side effects include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Breathing problems
- Diarrhea
Antiviral treatment works best when started within the first 48 hours of symptoms.
Day-to-Day Steps and At-Home Tips
During flu season, focus on simple habits at home to manage symptoms and support recovery. Drink water, juice, or warm broths to prevent dehydration.
| Action | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Drink fluids | Prevent dehydration |
| Rest | Help the body recover |
| Pain relief | Reduce fever and discomfort |
| Stay home | Limit spread of flu |
| Wash hands | Lower risk of spreading |
Get enough rest so your body can fight the infection. Reduce activity levels if you feel tired or weak.
Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever or aches. Children and teenagers should avoid aspirin because it can be risky.
Stay home if you are sick, and keep sick children home until they are fever-free for at least 24 hours without fever medicine. Avoid contact with others to help protect your community.
Wear a mask when visiting a doctor. Wash your hands regularly to lower the risk of spreading germs.
