Hurthle Cell Cancer – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland found at the base of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. This important gland produces hormones that control metabolism throughout the body.
When cells in the thyroid change and become cancerous, several types of cancer can develop, including Hurthle cell cancer.
Hurthle cell cancer (also known as Hurthle cell carcinoma or oxyphilic cell carcinoma) is a rare thyroid cancer that may behave more aggressively than other thyroid cancers.
Most patients with this condition undergo surgery to remove the thyroid gland as the primary treatment option.
Signs to Watch For
Hurthle cell cancer often grows silently, without early warning signs. Doctors sometimes find it during regular check-ups or tests for other conditions.
When symptoms do appear, they may include:
- A noticeable lump in the neck below the Adam’s apple
- Pain or discomfort in the neck or throat area
- Voice changes like hoarseness or raspiness
- Breathing problems or shortness of breath
- Trouble swallowing food or liquids
These symptoms don’t automatically mean cancer. They might point to other thyroid problems like inflammation or a goiter (enlarged thyroid). However, it’s important to see a doctor if you notice these signs.
The symptoms typically develop gradually as the tumor grows and begins to affect nearby structures in the neck.
When To See a Doctor
If you notice any concerning signs or symptoms, don’t hesitate to make an appointment with your healthcare provider.
Medical professionals can properly evaluate your condition and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Causes
Scientists don’t fully understand what triggers Hurthle cell cancer.
This cancer starts when thyroid cells experience DNA changes. DNA works like a set of instructions for cells. When mutations occur in this genetic material, they can direct thyroid cells to grow and multiply too quickly.
These abnormal cells also gain the ability to survive longer than they should naturally.
As these cells build up, they create a tumor. This growth can:
- Damage healthy tissue nearby
- Invade surrounding areas
- Spread (metastasize) to distant parts of the body
The exact reason these DNA mutations happen remains unknown, though researchers continue studying possible factors.
Risk Factors
Several factors may raise your chance of getting thyroid cancer:
- Gender: Women face higher risks than men.
- Age: Risk increases as you get older.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation treatments to the head or neck area.
- Family Connections: Having relatives who had thyroid cancer.
Complications
Hurthle cell cancer may lead to several serious health issues. The tumor can grow and press against the windpipe and food tube. As a result, it becomes hard to breathe or swallow properly.
Another major concern is cancer spread. Hurthle cell cancer cells can travel to other body parts, such as the lungs, bones, or liver. This spread, called metastasis, makes treatment more complex and affects recovery chances.
