Hip Dysplasia – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often starts during regular infant checkups.
During a physical examination, a healthcare provider gently moves the baby’s legs to check for any hip instability, unusual motion, or a “click” sound in the joint. Common tests used include the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers.
If DDH is suspected, doctors may order imaging tests:
| Age Group | Preferred Imaging Test |
|---|---|
| Infants | Hip ultrasound |
| Older Children | X-ray |
Other factors like family history, breech birth, or uneven skin folds may raise suspicion.
For mild cases or in older children and adults, X-rays or MRI can help doctors detect abnormalities like a shallow acetabulum, limited hip abduction, or early signs of hip pain.
Doctors screen newborns with known risk factors such as oligohydramnios or a family history of DDH.
Management and Care
The type of care for hip dysplasia changes with age and how serious the condition is. Babies younger than 6 months often wear a soft brace, such as a Pavlik harness, to help the hip grow correctly.
If bracing does not work or the child is older, doctors may use a technique called closed reduction to gently reposition the joint, then place a spica cast to hold the hip in place.
Older children and young adults with more pronounced hip problems may need surgery. Surgeons may perform an open reduction procedure or periacetabular osteotomy to realign the hip socket and improve function.
Sometimes, surgeons use hip arthroscopy for less invasive repairs. In adults, severe damage or early-onset hip osteoarthritis may lead surgeons to recommend hip replacement surgery.
After intervention, physical therapy helps patients restore strength and movement. Possible complications like avascular necrosis or problems with the hip spica cast can occur, so an orthopedic surgeon should monitor recovery.
Getting Ready for Your Medical Visit
Steps to Take Before Your Visit
Good preparation can help make your medical appointment smoother and more effective. Here are some ways to get ready before you see your healthcare provider:
List all symptoms. Write down every symptom you or your child has noticed, even if it does not seem related to hip concerns.
Gather information about medications. Make a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements you or your child take.
Consider bringing support. Bring a friend or family member to help remember details and offer support during the visit.
Transfer medical records. If you have seen other doctors before, arrange to have your previous health records sent to your current healthcare professional.
Prepare questions. Write down all questions you would like to ask during the appointment. This could include things about symptoms, tests, treatments, and prevention of hip dysplasia.
Sample questions to ask:
| Question | Purpose |
|---|---|
| What could be causing these symptoms? | To understand the reason for discomfort. |
| What types of tests will be needed? | To know what to expect and prepare accordingly. |
| What treatments are available? | To learn about the possible options to improve quality of life. |
| Are there possible treatment side effects? | To be aware of risks and benefits. |
What Your Healthcare Provider Might Ask You
During the appointment, the doctor will want specific information to help with diagnosis and planning care. Be prepared to answer questions such as:
- When symptoms first started and whether they happen all the time or just sometimes.
- Whether anything makes symptoms better or worse.
- Details about any previous diagnosis, including when and where you received it, if applicable.
The healthcare provider may also discuss ways to prevent hip dysplasia from worsening and offer tips to maintain good joint health for a better quality of life.
