High Blood Sugar During Pregnancy – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors check most people for gestational diabetes between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy.
People with a higher risk, such as those with a family history of diabetes or previous gestational diabetes, may get tested earlier, often at the first prenatal visit.
Screening steps include:
| Test Name | What Happens | Test Result That Means Further Testing Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Glucose Screening | You drink a sweet liquid. Blood is drawn after 1 hour. | Blood sugar ≥ 140 mg/dL (varies by clinic/lab) |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) | You drink more sugar. Blood is taken each hour for three hours. | 2 or more high values = gestational diabetes |
If the first blood sugar test is higher than normal, your doctor will ask you to take the oral glucose tolerance test. During the OGTT, you give blood samples every hour over a three-hour period.
If two or more readings are high, your doctor diagnoses gestational diabetes.
Additional Facts and Tips
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) helps doctors diagnose this condition. You should follow all instructions before testing, such as fasting if your doctor tells you.
Test results can vary slightly depending on the clinic or lab. People with a higher risk of gestational diabetes may need earlier and repeated testing during pregnancy.
Treatment
Healthy Habits and Daily Routine
You can help control blood sugar levels by making changes to your daily routine. Eat more vegetables, fruits, lean meats, whole grains, and fiber-rich foods.
Limiting foods high in sugar and fat helps keep your blood sugar steady. Physical activity helps your body use insulin better and lowers blood glucose. Try to get about 30 minutes of moderate exercise, like walking, most days.
Even daily chores or gardening help. Your healthcare provider will set healthy weight gain goals for your pregnancy.
Checking Blood Sugar Throughout the Day
Check your blood sugar regularly to manage gestational diabetes. Most people test blood glucose levels first thing in the morning (fasting) and after meals.
A typical blood sugar testing schedule:
| Time | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Before breakfast | Checks fasting blood sugar. |
| 1-2 hours after each meal | Shows how food choices affect levels. |
| Before bedtime (if advised) | Helps spot high/low blood sugar at night. |
Doctors may recommend at-home testing with a finger prick and blood glucose meter, or sometimes with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
Medicine and Insulin
Some people need medicine if healthy eating and exercise don’t control blood sugar. Many women use insulin shots to lower blood sugar.
Some may use pills, but not all doctors recommend these, and experts are still studying their safety.
Quick Facts About Medication:
- Insulin does not cross to the baby, so it is often the first choice if needed.
- Some oral medicines may be prescribed, but advice varies by provider.
- Your doctor will adjust the dose and timing for your needs.
Tracking Baby’s Health During Pregnancy
Doctors closely monitor your baby’s growth and well-being. They use ultrasound exams and other tests to check the baby’s development and size.
This helps lower risks during delivery and allows early action if problems appear.
If you do not go into labor by your due date, or if other concerns arise, your doctor may start labor early to protect your health and your baby’s.
Health Checks After Birth
After you give birth, your doctor will test your blood sugar again. Most people get checked soon after delivery and again at a follow-up visit 6 to 12 weeks later.
If your blood glucose returns to normal, your doctor will still recommend testing at least every three years because your risk of type 2 diabetes is higher.
If results are high after pregnancy, your healthcare provider will work with you to create a diabetes care plan.
Ways to Manage and Find Support
Gestational diabetes can feel overwhelming, but you can take simple steps to help. Eating nutritious foods and staying active support a healthy pregnancy and help control blood sugar.
Learning about gestational diabetes makes it less scary. Joining a support group or talking with your health care team provides advice and emotional support.
Pregnant women can also discuss breastfeeding and postpartum care with their health providers.
Tips for support:
- Talk openly with your health team.
- Look for online or local support groups.
- Stay connected with family and friends.
- Set small, realistic goals for healthy changes.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps You Can Take Beforehand
Prepare before seeing your health care provider about gestational diabetes. Getting organized helps you get the most from your visit.
- Check for Pre-visit Rules: Some tests require fasting or avoiding certain foods or drinks. Confirm with the clinic if you need special instructions.
- Write Down Symptoms: Note any symptoms, even if they seem minor. Changes during pregnancy can be subtle, so keeping a symptom log helps.
- List Important Personal Details: Stress, big life changes, and sleep habits can affect your health. Write down anything you think matters.
- Record Medications and Supplements: Make a list of all medicines, vitamins, and over-the-counter products you take. Include dosage and frequency.
- Prepare Questions: Bring a list of topics and questions for your provider. Here are some examples:
| Question to Ask | Purpose |
|---|---|
| What are the best ways for me to control my blood sugar? | Learn practical steps for daily management. |
| Will I need to see a dietitian or a diabetes specialist? | Find out about other expert support. |
| Should I change my physical activity or eating habits? | Understand lifestyle improvements. |
| Will I need to take medicine to help manage my condition? | Know about treatment options. |
| What warning signs should I watch for during my pregnancy? | Stay alert to any issues that need medical help. |
Bring Support if Possible: Bring a friend or family member to your appointment if you can. They can help you remember important details.
Organize Your Documents: Carry your health insurance card, ID, and recent health records. This makes check-in easier and helps your provider understand your health history.
Questions Your Health Professional May Have
Your health care provider will ask about your medical history and current health. Common questions include:
- Have you noticed feeling more thirsty or needing to urinate more often? When did these changes start?
- Have you had any new or unusual symptoms?
- Does anyone in your close family (like parents or siblings) have diabetes?
- Have you been pregnant before? Was there any history of gestational diabetes?
- Did you have other problems during past pregnancies, such as high blood pressure or early delivery?
- If you have older children, what were their birth weights?
They may also discuss:
- Next steps for testing or monitoring your blood sugar
- How often to follow up during your pregnancy
- Referrals to a dietitian, diabetes educator, or other specialists
A typical conversation with your provider may include:
| Topic | Example Provider Question or Statement |
|---|---|
| Current Symptoms | “Tell me about any changes you’ve noticed in your health.” |
| Family Health History | “Do you have a parent or sibling who has diabetes?” |
| Pregnancy History | “Were there any complications in previous pregnancies?” |
| Medication Review | “Can you tell me what medicines or supplements you take?” |
| Managing the Condition | “Let’s talk about your daily routine and any challenges.” |
Providers will explain what to expect next, including tests, how to monitor blood sugar, and available support for a healthy pregnancy.
Tip: Take notes during your visit or ask for written handouts. Keeping notes in a folder helps you find important information later.
Ask for clarification if something is unclear. Healthcare providers want you to understand your care plan so you can manage your health confidently.
