Heat Exhaustion – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors examine symptoms such as heavy sweating, muscle cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and confusion.
They often check body temperature to see if it is elevated. This step helps them rule out heat stroke.
Doctors usually use a rectal temperature reading for accuracy, especially if they suspect a heat-related illness.
Tests might include:
- Blood Tests: Doctors check for low sodium or potassium and look for dehydration or other electrolyte problems.
- Urine Tests: They assess kidney function and hydration levels.
- Muscle Tests: These tests detect muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis).
- Imaging: X-rays or scans reveal damage inside the body.
These tests help doctors identify risks such as central nervous system problems or organ damage, especially in older adults and children.
Treating Heat Exhaustion
Acting quickly can lower the risks from heat exhaustion. Move to a cooler place as the first step. Use an air conditioner or go inside a building if possible. If not, sit in a shady spot or in front of a fan.
Lie down with your legs raised slightly above heart level to support better circulation. Stay hydrated by drinking cool fluids, such as water or a sports drink. This helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
Avoid alcohol and drinks with caffeine, as they can worsen dehydration. Sip fluids slowly instead of drinking a large amount at once.
Take cooling measures to speed recovery. Take a cool shower, soak in a bath, or place wet towels on your skin to lower body temperature.
If outside, sit near a cool stream or pond. Use ice packs on the neck, armpits, back, or groin to boost cooling, especially in high heat.
Wear light, loose clothing to help body heat escape more easily. Remove extra layers and choose light-colored, breathable clothes if possible. If symptoms last more than an hour after these steps, seek medical help right away.
Health care professionals may use more intense cooling methods, including:
| Cooling Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Cold or ice water bath | Rapidly lowers core temperature by fully immersing the body in cold water. |
| Evaporation technique | Cool water misted onto the skin, with warm air fanned to speed evaporation. |
| Ice packs and blankets | Wrapping in special blankets and placing ice packs on key body areas. |
| Medication | Muscle relaxants may be used if shivering starts, since shivering can raise heat. |
Acclimatize to hot weather, stay hydrated, and wear proper clothing to help prevent heat exhaustion. Limit outdoor activities and use air conditioners or fans to stay cool.
Drink water regularly, dress for the weather, and seek shade to stay healthy in extreme temperatures. Stay alert to your bodyโs signals and respond early to treat and avoid heat exhaustion.
