Ganglion Cyst – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps commonly found along tendons or joints. These fluid-filled sacs typically appear on the wrists and hands, though they can also develop on ankles and feet.
The cysts vary in size—some as small as peas—and may change size over time. These cysts contain a thick, jelly-like fluid. While often harmless, they can cause discomfort if they press against nearby nerves or limit joint movement.
Treatment options include:
- No treatment (if asymptomatic)
- Needle drainage by a healthcare provider
- Surgical removal
Many ganglion cysts resolve without medical intervention. They frequently grow, shrink, and sometimes disappear on their own. Treatment is generally recommended only when the cyst causes pain or interferes with daily activities.
Symptoms
Ganglion cysts have several common features that help identify them. They typically form along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. You might also find them on the ankles and feet, though they can appear near other joints.
These cysts have a round or oval shape. Some ganglion cysts are too small to feel, while others grow larger over time, especially with joint movement.
Most ganglion cysts don’t cause pain. However, if a cyst presses against a nerve or other structures, you might experience:
- Pain
- Tingling sensations
- Numbness
- Muscle weakness
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
If you feel a lump or pain in your wrist, hand, ankle, or foot, see a healthcare professional.
They can provide an accurate diagnosis and determine whether treatment is necessary. Don’t try to diagnose or treat a suspected ganglion cyst yourself.
Causes
The exact cause of ganglion cysts remains unknown to medical experts. These cysts develop from joint or tendon linings, appearing as small, fluid-filled sacs attached by a stalk-like structure.
The cysts contain a thick fluid similar to the body’s natural joint and tendon lubrication. Doctors can identify these cysts but cannot pinpoint why they form in some people.
Risk Factors
Several factors can raise your chances of developing ganglion cysts:
Gender and Age: Women between 20 and 40 years old develop these cysts more frequently, though they can affect anyone.
Joint Wear and Tear: People with osteoarthritis face a higher risk of cysts forming near those joints. This is especially true for the finger joints nearest to the fingernails.
Previous Injuries: Damaged joints or tendons are more susceptible to ganglion cyst development. This includes old sprains, tears, or other trauma to the joint area.
