Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Diagnosis and Treatment

ByJanis Updated

Diagnosis

Key Blood Examinations

Doctors use blood tests to identify diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). These tests check for high blood sugar levels, which are common in DKA.

They also measure serum ketones. High ketone levels indicate ketosis and acid buildup. Doctors check blood acidity by measuring arterial pH. A lower pH shows acidosis.

They review electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate, to find imbalances. Doctors also check the anion gap and beta-hydroxybutyrate, which support a DKA diagnosis.

Doctors may check blood urea nitrogen to assess kidney function.

Additional Examinations

Other tests help doctors find causes and complications. Urinalysis checks for ketones and glucose in urine.

Chest X-rays look for infections or lung problems. Doctors use electrocardiograms (ECG) to watch for heart rhythm changes due to electrolyte shifts.

They may check serum osmolality if patients have confusion or severe symptoms.

Further Details

Doctors order these tests when patients have symptoms like nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, abdominal pain, fatigue, trouble breathing, or fruity breath.

They also monitor for serious problems such as rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, or diabetic coma.

Treatment

Doctors treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by correcting dehydration, restoring electrolytes, and lowering blood sugar.

Fluid Replacement

DKA causes severe fluid loss from frequent urination. Doctors give normal saline through an IV to restore fluid balance and fix sodium deficits.

Replacing fluids also helps lower blood sugar by dilution.

Electrolyte Correction

DKA can cause dangerous drops in potassium, sodium, and chloride. Doctors give IV electrolytes, especially potassium, to protect the heart and muscles.

They monitor these levels closely to prevent complications like heart rhythm problems.

Insulin Therapy

Doctors give insulin through a vein to lower blood sugar and stop acid buildup. They adjust the insulin dose as the patient improves.

When blood sugar nears 200 mg/dL, doctors help patients switch to their usual insulin routine.

Getting Ready for Your Medical Visit

Prepare well for a medical appointment about diabetic ketoacidosis to get the right care quickly.

  • Before you see the healthcare team, write down your symptoms and note when they started.
  • Watch for any changes, such as symptoms getting worse or new problems starting.
  • Keep records of your most recent blood sugar and ketone levels if you have checked them.
  • Bring a list of questions for your healthcare provider.
  • Mention if you have had any recent illnesses, stress, or trauma.

Key things to share with your health care provider:

  • When your symptoms began and if they have changed

  • Any problems with eating or keeping down fluids

  • Recent illnesses, infections, or injuries

  • Any use of alcohol or recreational drugs

Wear a medical ID if you have one. This helps the care team understand your condition quickly.

If you follow an exercise routine, share your recent activities because this may affect diabetes management.


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Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.