Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans – Symptoms and Causes
Overview
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare form of skin cancer that begins in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin responsible for structural support.
It is considered a low-to-intermediate grade cancer, meaning it tends to grow slowly but can be locally aggressive if left untreated.
DFSP is most often diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults and is typically found on the trunk, arms, or legs. While it rarely spreads to distant organs, it can invade nearby tissues over time.
Signs and Symptoms
People with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans may notice several common signs:
- Skin lumps that might look like pimples, scars, or birthmarks
- Hard or rubbery feeling lumps on the skin
- Areas of skin that feel unusually firm when touched
These lumps most often develop on the arms, legs, or trunk area of the body. They are not commonly found on the head or neck.
The growth tends to start slowly and may stay unnoticed for months or even years. Itโs usually painless, but some people may feel itching, tenderness, or tingling in the area.
As it gets larger, the lump may become raised, discolored (reddish, purplish, or brown), or form a firm plaque. Over time, it can push deeper into surrounding tissueโeven though the skin changes might still look minor from the outside.
When Medical Attention Is Needed
Contact a healthcare provider if you notice unusual skin growths or lumps that persist over time. Any concerning changes in your skin, especially those that grow or change appearance, should be examined by a medical professional.
Causes
Scientists don’t fully understand what triggers dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). This rare skin cancer develops when specific skin cells undergo genetic changes in their chromosomes.
Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins that control cell function. These genetic alterations cause affected cells to multiply rapidly and uncontrollably.
The cancer typically begins in deeper skin layers before potentially pushing outward to form a visible lump on the skin surface. Multiple tumors may develop over time.
The genetic changes occur specifically in the chromosomes of skin cells, disrupting normal growth patterns and causing the abnormal cell division that characterizes this cancer.
Risk Factors
Certain factors may increase the chance of developing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans:
- Age Range: Most common in people between 20-50 years old, though it can appear at any age.
- Racial Differences: Higher occurrence rates in Black individuals compared to other racial groups.
- Damaged Skin: Previous burns, radiation treatment areas, or surgical scars might increase risk.
- Previous Diagnosis: Those who have had this cancer before may experience recurrence in the same area after surgery.
Currently, there are no known prevention methods for this type of cancer.
