CT Urogram Test
Overview
A CT urogram is a specialized imaging test that helps doctors examine the urinary tract. This procedure shows detailed images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using X-rays and a computer. The process includes injecting a contrast dye into a vein, usually in the arm or hand. The dye travels through the blood vessels, highlighting the urinary system and surrounding structures like arteries and veins.
Key Features of CT Urogram:
- Uses X-ray technology combined with computer analysis
- Provides clear 2D images of internal structures
- Shows details of bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels
This scan allows doctors in urology to find and evaluate any problems or changes in the organs of the urinary system and nearby arteries and veins.
Reasons for This Test
A CT urogram helps doctors check the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. This test can spot problems like tumors, cysts, and cancer in the urinary tract, including the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Doctors may also use this scan if there are symptoms such as hematuria (blood in the urine), pain in the side or back, or signs of infection.
Common Reasons for a CT Urogram
- Finding tumors or signs of cancer.
- Checking for infections or inflammation.
- Investigating urinary tract obstructions or trauma.
- Detecting cysts, hemorrhage, or bladder cancer.
Risks
A CT urogram uses x-rays and contrast dye, which can cause some side effects. Most allergic reactions to the dye are mild, with symptoms like a warm feeling, nausea, itching, or hives. Pain or bruising near the injection area may also occur. Usually, medication can easily treat these problems.
Common Reactions
| Symptom | Frequency | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Warm sensation | Common | Self-limited |
| Nausea | Common | Medication |
| Itching/Hives | Rare | Medication |
| Pain at site | Rare | Ice / Meds |
One test exposes you to a low level of radiation and does not raise cancer risk in most people. However, repeated CT scans or high doses of radiation over time could add a slight risk of cancer. Pregnant people should let their doctor know, as minimizing exposure to unborn babies is important. The medical team keeps x-ray doses as low as possible during the exam.
How You Get Ready
Before a computed tomography (CT) urogram, patients should tell the medical team about any allergies, especially to iodine or X-ray dyes. Patients should also mention if they are pregnant, taking medications like metformin or NSAIDs, or have health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or kidney problems.
Patients should discuss any recent illnesses or past organ transplants as well. Often, patients need to drink water before the CT urogram and avoid urinating until after the scan. This step helps fill the bladder for clearer images.
Preparation Checklist
- Share medications and allergies.
- Follow instructions on eating and drinking.
- Arrive with a full bladder, unless told otherwise.
What You Can Expect
What Happens While Getting a CT Urogram
A patient starts by lying down on an exam table, usually on their back. Sometimes, staff may ask the patient to lie on their side or stomach. Pillows and straps provide comfort and help the patient stay still. Staying still is important to get clear images.
A healthcare worker inserts a small needle into a vein, usually on the hand or arm, and injects a special X-ray dye called contrast. This dye highlights the kidneys, bladder, and urinary tubes on the scan. When the dye enters, many people feel a warm sensation or a metallic taste in the mouth.
Some people might feel like they have to urinate right after the dye injection. This feeling does not last long. During the scan, the table moves through the CT machine. At first, it moves quickly to get in the right place and then slides more slowly as pictures are taken. The CT machine makes noises like buzzing and clicking.
The patient may need to hold their breath for a few seconds at times to help get sharp pictures. Sometimes, staff recommend drinking extra water before or after the scan to help the body remove the contrast dye. Once the images are complete, a technician checks to make sure everything looks right before letting the patient leave the room.
What to Expect After Having a CT Urogram
After the scan, the nurse or technician removes the IV line from the patient’s arm and places a small bandage or dressing. Most people can go back to daily activities right away.
Any strange taste or mild feelings from the contrast dye usually go away quickly. Drinking water after the exam can help flush the dye from the body. If there are any concerns, such as pain or unusual symptoms, the patient should let their healthcare team know.
What the Results Show
A radiologist reviews the CT urogram images to check for any unusual findings in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. These may include stones, tumors, blockages, or changes in tissue structure. The contrast dye helps highlight these areas for better visibility. Once the review is complete, the radiologist shares the results with your doctor, who will discuss any necessary next steps.
| Structure Examined | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Kidneys | Check for stones, masses, or changes in size. |
| Ureters | Look for blockages or abnormal shape. |
| Bladder | Identify tumors or structural problems. |
CT urography (CTU), another name for this test, helps healthcare providers make accurate diagnoses and develop treatment plans for conditions affecting the urinary system.
