Common Cold in Babies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Babies often catch the common cold, which is a mild infection of the upper airways. Symptoms usually include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, a mild cough, sore throat, and sometimes a slight fever.
Some babies may also show signs like irritability, swollen glands, or loss of appetite.
It is important to watch for more serious symptoms. These can include trouble breathing, wheezing, or a high fever. Thick mucus and nasal congestion may cause babies to have difficulty feeding or sleeping.
| Symptom | What to Watch For |
|---|---|
| Runny nose | Clear or thick mucus |
| Sneezing | Frequent or mild |
| Fever | Mild, sometimes present |
| Sore throat | May cry during feeding |
| Nasal congestion | Noisy breathing, trouble eating |
| Cough | Dry or wet, usually mild |
Serious problems, such as ear or sinus infections, can happen but are less common. If symptoms last more than a week or get worse, consult a healthcare provider.
Some children may also need extra care if they seem very unwell or have ongoing trouble breathing.
Diagnosis
Asking About the Baby’s Recent Health
Doctors start by talking with the parent or caregiver about the baby’s health. They ask if the baby has symptoms like a runny nose, cough, sneezing, or fever.
They may also ask when the symptoms started and if anyone else in the home is sick.
Checking the Baby’s Body
A doctor examines the baby’s nose, throat, ears, and chest. They check if the baby has a stuffy or runny nose, listens to the baby’s breathing, and looks for any signs of trouble, such as fast breathing or wheezing.
This helps the doctor see if it is just a cold or something more serious.
Tests to Check for Other Illnesses
Most colds are diagnosed without lab tests. Sometimes, if the baby is very young or has signs that suggest something else is wrong, a doctor may order further checks.
These can include a throat swab, a chest X-ray, or a blood test to look for other infections. Testing helps rule out conditions that need different treatments.
Ways to Soothe Fever and Discomfort
Medicines for Lowering Temperature and Relieving Pain
Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and ease pain in babies. These medicines can make babies more comfortable if they have a high temperature or are fussy.
It is important to use the correct dose based on the baby’s age and weight.
- Never give aspirin to a baby
- Always follow the doctor’s advice or check the label for the right amount
- Ibuprofen should not be given to babies under 6 months old
If the baby’s fever is very high or lasts more than a few days, it is best to contact a doctor.
Cough and Cold Products
Most cough and cold medicines should not be given to babies and young children. These products are not shown to work well and can have side effects.
Instead, parents can try simple steps at home:
- Use saline nose drops to help clear stuffy noses
- Run a cool-mist humidifier in the baby’s room to make breathing easier
- Gently suction the nose with a bulb syringe after using saline drops
If caregivers have any questions about which medicines are safe or needed, they should talk with a doctor.
Home Care and Supportive Treatment
Caring for a baby with a cold at home focuses on keeping them comfortable and helping their body fight the infection.
Parents can use a cool-mist humidifier to add moisture to the air, which can ease coughing and make breathing easier.
Helpful home care steps include:
- Giving small, frequent fluids (like breast milk or formula) to prevent dehydration.
- Using saline nose drops to loosen mucus, and gently using a bulb syringe to clear their nose.
- Keeping the baby’s head slightly raised while resting to help with breathing.
- Monitoring temperature and using fever medicine like acetaminophen if advised by a doctor. Ibuprofen may be used in babies over 6 months old.
- Providing extra comfort, such as holding and cuddling the baby.
| Symptom | Supportive Care |
|---|---|
| Stuffy Nose | Saline drops, gentle suction |
| Fever | Acetaminophen or ibuprofen (as advised) |
| Cough | Cool-mist humidifier |
| Fussiness | Extra comforting, holding |
Cold medicines and cough syrups should not be used in babies unless directed by a healthcare provider.
Getting Ready for Your Visit
How to Prepare Before Seeing the Doctor
- Write down your baby’s symptoms, including when they started and any changes.
- List any medicines, vitamins, or supplements your baby is taking.
- Note your baby’s feeding and sleeping habits.
- Prepare any questions you have about your baby’s health.
It can help to bring a favorite toy or blanket to comfort your baby during the visit.
What the Doctor Might Ask and Do
During the appointment, the doctor may:
- Ask detailed questions about your baby’s symptoms and health history.
- Check your baby’s temperature, breathing, and overall appearance.
- Examine your baby’s nose, throat, ears, and lungs.
- Possibly use a small tool to look inside the baby’s mouth or nose.
Doctors usually do not order lab tests for a common cold, but they might if symptoms seem unusual.
You can expect clear instructions about care at home and signs to watch for that may need more medical attention.
