Symptoms and Causes

Diagnosis Doctors usually start by asking for a urine sample. That helps them check for bacteria, blood, or pus. How a Urine Sample Is Done To…

Diagnosis Doctors usually start by looking at the lump. They’ll press on it to check for pain. Sometimes, they’ll shine a light through the lump—a simple…

Overview Tricuspid atresia is a rare congenital heart defect that affects how blood flows through the heart. It occurs during fetal development and is present at…

Overview Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetic disorder that damages the protective coating around nerve cells in the brain. This condition prevents the body from breaking down…

Overview Residual limb pain affects the remaining portion of an arm or leg following amputation. This condition appears in over 50% of amputation patients. Typically, it…

Overview Neurofibromas are soft tumors that develop on or underneath the skin from peripheral nerves. These growths form within the nerve sheath, which is the protective…

Overview Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular abnormalities involving irregular connections between arteries and veins near the spinal cord. These formations occur when normal blood…

Overview Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare form of skin cancer that begins in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin responsible for structural support….

Overview Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a rare condition that primarily affects individuals with severe kidney failure. The disease typically causes skin thickening and darkening over extensive…

Overview Hairy cell leukemia is a rare blood cancer that targets B cells. These white blood cells play a big role in the immune system.  In…