Symptoms and Causes

Overview Female sexual dysfunction refers to persistent sexual issues that cause distress for a woman or her partner. These problems can affect any part of the…

Overview Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are abnormal clusters of blood vessels that appear in the brain or spinal cord. These malformations resemble small mulberries and contain…

Overview Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition where an opening between two main blood vessels from the heart stays open after birth. In a…

Overview Pseudogout is a form of arthritis that causes sudden, painful joint swelling lasting from days to weeks. This condition is formally called calcium pyrophosphate deposition…

Overview Specific phobias involve an overwhelming fear of things or situations that are mostly harmless but trigger severe anxiety. People with these phobias actively avoid what…

Understanding Cervical Insufficiency Cervical insufficiency occurs when the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina) weakens and opens too early during…

Overview Angiosarcoma is an uncommon cancer that develops in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. When it affects the skin, it typically appears as a…

Overview A patent foramen ovale is a small opening between the upper chambers of the heart that didn’t close after birth as it should have. This…

A vaginal fistula is an abnormal opening that forms between the vagina and another organ in the body. This opening allows substances like urine, gas, or…

Overview Ampullary cancer is a rare disease that starts in the ampulla of Vater, the area where the bile and pancreatic ducts connect to the small…