Birth Control Patch Procedure
Overview
The contraceptive skin patch is a hormonal birth control method worn directly on the skin. It is typically applied once a week for three consecutive weeks, followed by a patch-free fourth week to allow for menstrual bleeding.
The patch contains two hormones: estrogen and progestin. These hormones work together to prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation, so the ovaries do not release eggs. They also thicken the cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach an egg.
When used as directed, the patch offers highly effective protection against pregnancy. It’s important to note that the patch does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. A prescription from a healthcare provider is required to use the transdermal patch.
Key Facts
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Hormones | Estrogen, Progestin |
| Worn for | 21 days each cycle |
| Form | Small adhesive patch |
| Requires prescription | Yes |
| STI protection | No |
Reasons for Using the Birth Control Patch
Many people choose the birth control patch to prevent pregnancy. This type of contraception offers certain advantages over other options. For one, you do not need to stop sexual activity to use it, unlike barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragms, or the cervical cap. The patch provides birth control without daily pills, injections, or frequent provider visits.
Key Benefits:
- Discrete Use: The patch allows for private use, without needing a partner’s help or cooperation.
- Consistent Protection: Delivers a steady amount of hormones through the skin, which helps lower the chance of unintended pregnancy.
- Ease of Use: Does not require swallowing pills, making it helpful for those who have trouble with daily medication or taking oral contraceptives.
- Flexibility: You can remove it at any time, and fertility generally returns quickly after stopping use.
| Method | Partner Involvement | Daily Action Needed | Placement/Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Control Patch | No | No | Skin (weekly application) |
| Male Condom | Yes | Yes | Penis during intercourse |
| Female Condom | Yes | Yes | Vagina during intercourse |
| Diaphragm/Sponge | Yes | Yes | Vagina before sex |
| Pill (Oral) | No | Yes | Taken by mouth daily |
| IUD (Copper/Hormonal) | No | No | Placed in uterus |
Some people should avoid the patch for health reasons, such as being 35 or older and smoking, or having conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, blood clots, or certain cancers.
Others should not use the patch if they are over a certain weight, have serious migraines, or have health issues such as liver disease or complications related to diabetes. Other factors to consider include recent childbirth, breastfeeding, use of certain medicines, or skin conditions like eczema.
People interested in the patch should talk to a healthcare provider who can suggest the best choice among other birth control options like implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), the contraceptive sponge, injections, or emergency contraception.
Potential Concerns
Using the birth control patch can cause a range of possible side effects and health risks. Some people experience headaches, nausea, or dizziness after starting the patch.
Others report skin irritation where the patch is applied, along with breast tenderness, weight gain, or changes in mood. A small number of people notice breakthrough bleeding, which means bleeding or spotting between periods. Irregular menstrual cycles or cramps are also possible.
Some also mention acne, abdominal pain, or fatigue. Some experience vaginal infections or unusual vaginal discharge. The patch can increase estrogen levels in the body, which might slightly raise the risk of blood clots, high blood pressure, heart attack, or stroke, especially for those with certain risk factors.
| Side Effect | How Often It Happens |
|---|---|
| Headache, Nausea, Dizziness | Common |
| Skin Reactions | Sometimes |
| Breast Discomfort | Sometimes |
| Mood Changes | Sometimes |
| Blood Clots, Stroke, Heart Attack | Rare |
People with a high body mass index (BMI), diabetes, or a history of liver disease should talk to a healthcare professional before using the patch.
Medications such as acetaminophen can interact with the hormones (ethinyl estradiol, norelgestromin) in the patch. Those concerned about safety or side effects should discuss their options for birth control to find the best fit for their medical needs.
Steps to Get Ready
Before starting the birth control patch, you’ll need a prescription from a healthcare provider. During your visit, the provider will review your medical history, check your blood pressure, and ask about any current medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
You should also discuss any ongoing health conditions or risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In some cases, a physical exam may be required. Be sure to ask about costs—some or all of the expenses may be covered by insurance.
What You Can Expect
When you begin to use the birth control patch, you will usually choose a day to apply the first patch. Many people start on the first day of their menstrual period or on a Sunday right after their period begins.
Starting on day one gives you full protection right away, while starting on Sunday means you should use another form of birth control during the first week. Apply the patch to clean, dry skin. Good areas include the upper arm, lower stomach, upper body, or buttock.
Do not put the patch on the breasts or anywhere the skin is broken, red, or sore. Choose a spot where clothing will not rub against the patch too much. Avoid using creams, lotions, or powders on the skin where you place the patch, as these can make it hard for the patch to stick.
To put on the patch, remove it from its packaging and gently peel away the backing. Press the sticky side firmly onto the skin for about ten seconds to make sure it stays on. For best results, smooth out the entire patch so the edges are flat and stuck to the skin. The patch stays in place for seven days, even while you bathe, swim, or are active.
Use a new patch each week for three weeks in a row, always on the same day. Each time, place the new patch on a slightly different area of skin to avoid irritation. At the end of each week, remove the old patch, fold it in half with the sticky sides together, and throw it in the trash. Clean off any leftover glue using baby oil or lotion. Never flush a used patch.
During the fourth week, do not wear a patch. This patch-free week is when you will have your menstrual period. After seven days without a patch, start a new cycle with a fresh patch on the same day as before. Sticking to the same patch change day each week makes it easier to remember.
Check the patch every day throughout the patch cycle. If the patch is lifting up, completely off, or no longer sticky, replace it with a new one right away. If the patch has been off for more than 24 hours, use a backup contraception method, like condoms, for one week. Do not try to tape or glue the patch to your skin.
If you forget to put on a patch at the start of a cycle, or are more than two days late changing the patch in the second or third week, put on a new patch as soon as possible. Use backup contraception for one week. Here is a list of things you may experience after starting the birth control patch:
- Regular, possibly lighter menstrual periods.
- Spotting or small amounts of bleeding between periods, mainly in the first few cycles.
- Mild side effects such as sore breasts, nausea, or headaches, especially early on.
- Skin irritation in the area where the patch is applied.
- The patch may rarely become loose or fall off.
Directions for a Typical Patch Cycle
| Week | Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Apply a new patch on the chosen day. |
| 2 | Remove the old patch and apply a new patch. |
| 3 | Remove the old patch and apply a new patch. |
| 4 (No Patch) | Do not wear a patch; menstrual period occurs. |
During every patch cycle, watch for any changes in your health. Contact a health professional right away for:
- Sharp chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, or coughing up blood.
- Ongoing pain in the calf, swelling, or redness.
- Sudden vision loss or problems with speech or movement.
- Yellow skin or eyes, with possible fever or unusual tiredness.
- Severe headache, trouble sleeping, or feeling very sad.
- Sudden, severe stomach pain or a breast lump that does not go away.
Report missing two menstrual periods in a row or any signs of pregnancy. You can continue daily activities, including showering, swimming, or exercising, while using the birth control patch.
The patch is designed to stick well during most activities. However, check the patch each day to make sure it is still in place. If the patch is late, becomes loose, or is forgotten, use a backup contraception method to help prevent pregnancy while you get back on track with the patch schedule.
