Behcet’s Disease – Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Doctors diagnose Behcet disease by evaluating a person’s symptoms because no single test exists for this condition.
Most people with Behcet disease develop repeated mouth ulcers (sores in the mouth), which must occur at least three times within a 12-month period to meet one of the main diagnostic requirements.
Along with mouth sores, at least two of these other symptoms help confirm the diagnosis:
- Genital ulcers that keep coming back.
- Eye inflammation that causes discomfort or vision changes.
- Skin issues like rashes or sores.
Doctors use several tests to rule out other illnesses and support the diagnosis:
- Lab tests such as blood or urine tests help exclude infections and other autoimmune diseases.
- Pathergy test: A healthcare provider pricks the skin with a needle, and if a raised bump appears after 1-2 days, it shows an overactive immune response.
- Skin biopsy helps identify certain skin changes.
These findings help doctors determine if the symptoms match Behcet disease.
Treatment
Medicines for Specific Symptoms
Many people with Behcet disease use medicines to manage flares when they appear. During these flare-ups, several types of treatments can reduce pain, swelling, or irritation in different parts of the body:
- Topical Treatments: Creams, gels, and ointments with corticosteroids applied to skin or genital sores help lower swelling and discomfort.
- Mouth Rinses: Special mouthwashes, often containing corticosteroids, soothe painful mouth sores.
- Eye Drops: For mild eye problems, such as irritation or swelling, doctors may recommend corticosteroid-based or other medicated drops.
If these local treatments do not provide enough relief, doctors sometimes prescribe medicines taken by mouth.
Treatments That Affect the Whole Body
Some people develop more serious symptoms that involve the eyes, blood vessels, nervous system, or other organs. In these cases, doctors often prescribe stronger treatments that work throughout the body:
- Oral Corticosteroids: These medicines lower swelling throughout the body. Doctors often combine these with other drugs for better effect. Possible side effects include weight gain, high blood pressure, and fragile bones.
- Immune System Suppressants: These medicines calm the immune system and reduce inflammation in many organs. These drugs can increase infection risk and may harm the liver, kidneys, or blood cell counts.
- Biologic Medicines: These drugs target certain parts of the immune system to control symptoms like joint pain, skin sores, or swelling in the eyes (uveitis). People who use these medicines should watch for flu-like symptoms, headaches, skin rashes, and a greater risk of infection.
Doctors choose treatments based on a person’s symptoms and their severity.
Helpful Ways to Manage and Stay Supported
People with Behรงet’s disease may experience ups and downs. During flare-ups, taking regular rest breaks and lowering daily stress can help. Resting during these times supports both body and mind.
When symptoms are less active, gentle exercise like walking or swimming improves strength and movement. Staying active can also lift mood and keep the joints flexible.
Connecting with others who have Behcet disease can ease feelings of isolation.
| Tip | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Rest during flares. | Helps the body recover. |
| Exercise in remission. | Improves strength and mood. |
| Join support groups. | Offers community and advice. |
Getting Ready for Your Visit
Steps You Can Take Beforehand
Preparing ahead will help you make the most of your time with your healthcare provider. Consider doing the following:
Write down all your symptoms. Note when each one started, how often it happens, and how it affects your life.
Jot down important life details. List any recent major changes or sources of stress.
List any medications or supplements you take. Include the name, dose, and how often you use them.
Prepare questions for your healthcare team. Bring a list so you remember to ask everything you want.
Some example questions to ask might include:
| Question Area | Example Question |
|---|---|
| Tests | Do I need any tests? How do I prepare for them? |
| Treatment | What treatment options are there? Which do you suggest? |
| Condition | Is this a temporary or lifelong condition? |
| Managing other conditions | How can I manage this with my other health issues? |
Bringing a family member or friend with you can also be very helpful. They might remember things you forget or help you feel more comfortable.
What Your Healthcare Provider Might Ask
During the visit, your healthcare provider may ask questions like:
- Do your symptoms stay the same or do they come and go?
- Is there anything that helps or worsens your symptoms?
- Do you have a family history of similar issues?
- Are there any patterns or triggers you have noticed?
If needed, your provider may suggest that you see specialists, such as a rheumatologist, ophthalmologist, dermatologist, or others, depending on your symptoms.
