Author: Janis

Overview Inherited metabolic disorders are a group of genetic conditions that affect how the body processes certain substances. These disorders interfere with the body’s ability to…

Overview High blood pressure in children occurs when blood pressure reaches or exceeds the 95th percentile for children of the same sex, age, and height. For…

Overview Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect present at birth where the pulmonary valve fails to form properly. Instead of a normal valve that opens…

Overview Congenital myasthenic syndromes are rare inherited disorders. These disorders cause muscle weakness, which gets worse during physical activity. Genetic mutations that affect how muscles work…

Overview Cryoglobulinemia belongs to a group of rare blood vessel disorders called vasculitis. This condition involves unusual proteins in the blood called cryoglobulins. These proteins can…

Overview Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine travels backward from the bladder up into the ureters. The ureters are the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder….

Overview Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the dura mater, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. These…

Overview Germ cell tumors develop from reproductive cells that normally become eggs in females and sperm in males. These growths typically occur in the ovaries or…

Overview Brain metastases occur when cancer cells spread from another part of the body to the brain. This is a secondary form of cancer, meaning it…

Overview Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. While uncommon in…